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海洋科普春节餐桌上的海洋生物 [复制链接]

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ChunJie

新春的鞭炮,震响了欢乐的团聚;

璀璨的烟花,绽放出喜庆的美景。

新春佳节,离不开的就是吃,

那餐桌上的海鲜你都认识吗?

让我们一起来认一认吧!

大*鱼

大*鱼是石首鱼科、*鱼属鱼类。体延长,侧扁,体侧腹面有多列发光颗粒;头钝尖形。主要栖息于沿岸及近海砂泥底质水域,大多栖息于中底层水域,会进入河口区。大*鱼经济价值高,肉质鲜嫩,富含蛋白质,是鲜食佳品。鱼鳔可以干制成名贵食品“鱼肚”,又可制成*鱼胶,为工业用高级胶合剂的原料。大*鱼有一定的药用价值,是一些中、西成药的原料。鱼鳔炒炼焙*制成中药”鱼鳔胶珠“可治疗消化性溃病、肾结石等,耳石研末后与其他中药配伍制成“鱼脑石散”,对治疗鼻窦炎有较好的疗效。

*鳍棘鲷

*鳍棘鲷是鲷科、棘鲷属的一种海鱼,又名*脚立、赤翅。适应力强,生长快,为中国南方网箱养殖的重要对象。*鳍棘鲷体长椭圆形,侧扁,背面狭窄,腹面钝圆。体高,头部尖。背鳍鳍棘部与鳍条相连。尾叉形。体色青灰带*,体侧有若干条灰色纵走线,沿鳞片而行。浅海暖水性底层鱼类,生活于近岸海域及河口湾。*鳍棘鲷为优质鱼类,肉质鲜美,营养价值较高,口感极佳,有“海底鸡项”之称。

金鲳鱼

金鲳鱼属硬骨鱼纲、鲈形目、鲹科、鲳鲹属,学名卵形鲳鲹,俗名*腊鲳、金鲳。该鱼体侧扁,卵圆形,臀鳍与第二背鳍长度略相等。头侧扁,尾柄细,体披小圆鳞,不易剥落。金鲳鱼含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、不饱和脂肪酸以及微量元素(如硒、镁、钙、磷、铁)等多种营养成分,尤其是其中蛋白质的含量非常高,每g鱼肉中就含15.6g蛋白质。

青石斑鱼

青石斑鱼是石斑鱼科、石斑鱼属鱼类。体长椭圆形;头较大,大于体高,头背部弧形;眶间区窄,中央微凸。眼较小,短于吻长。口大。青石斑鱼常栖息于沿海各地岛屿岩礁附近。一般不结成大群。生性凶猛,是肉食性鱼类,有互相残食现象。青石斑鱼为海产名贵鱼类之一,肉细嫩,味鲜美,营养价值高,具有口感鲜美,富含高蛋白、高多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),必需氨基酸含量高等特点,是优质的食用鱼类,具有较高的食用价值与保健功用。

南美白对虾

南美白对虾是对虾科、滨对虾属动物。成体最长达23厘米,甲壳较薄,正常体色为青蓝色或浅青灰色,全身不具斑纹。步足常呈白垩状,故有白肢虾之称。南美白对虾营养丰富、味道鲜美,在中国深受广大民众喜爱,具有较高的经济价值。常用盐水红烧、盐煸等,其味鲜美。鲜虾煮熟晒干,称“虾干”。其肉坚硬,嚼味无穷。南美白对虾的蛋白质和钙、磷、铁等矿物质,还富含腆质,具有较高的药用价值。能补气健胃阳补精,具强身延寿之功能。

日本对虾

日本对虾俗称:花虾、竹节虾、花尾虾、斑节虾、车虾,属甲壳纲、十足目、对虾科、对虾属动物,虾体小者称为虾钱。体呈浅*,具蓝褐色横条斑花纹,尾尖为鲜蓝色。日本对虾不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,占脂肪酸总量的64.04%,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)分别为1.70%和10.92%,多不饱和脂肪酸和EPA、DHA含量高于其他几种经济虾类及淡水鱼类。铁和锌含量丰富,镉、铬、镍等有害元素含量低。表明日本对虾具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。

锯缘青蟹

锯缘青蟹是梭子蟹科、青蟹属甲壳类动物。头胸甲卵圆形,背面隆起而光滑,因体色青绿而得名。锯缘青蟹栖息于浅海及潮间带,多栖息在泥沙底质和有海草而低凹、退潮后还有水的地方,以及红树的根基附近和浅海岩礁石洞或有其他掩蔽物的地方。锯缘青蟹为高钾低钠食品,所以锯缘青蟹更有利于高血压患者食用。它的肝脏钙含量极高,且天然有机钙易于人体消化吸收。锯缘青蟹中其他必需元素镁、铁、铜、锌、锰等含量也较高。锯缘青蟹各组分的硒含量都很高,特别是雌性生殖腺。

牡蛎

牡蛎俗称海蛎子、蚝等,隶属软体动物门,双壳纲,珍珠贝目,是世界上第一大养殖贝类,是人类可利用的重要海洋生物资源之一。牡蛎不仅肉鲜味美、营养丰富,而且具有独特的保健功能和药用价值,是一种营养价值很高的海产珍品。牡蛎的含锌量居人类食物之首。牡蛎中高含量的牛磺酸,颇为营养学家及临床学者所重视。牛磺酸是一种含硫氨基酸,具有多种生理活性。其对婴儿的视网膜和中枢神经的正常发育具有重要的生理作用。

鲍鱼其名为鱼,实则非鱼,种属原始海洋贝类,单壳软体动物。由于其形状恰似人的耳朵,所以也叫它“海耳”。鲍鱼是中国传统的名贵食材,其肉质细嫩、鲜味浓郁,位列八大“海珍”之一,素称“海味之冠”,是极为珍贵的海产品,营养丰富,具有极高的药用价值。鲍鱼高蛋白,低脂肪,氨基酸种类齐全、配比合理,含有丰富的维生素E和微量元素。同时鲍鱼肉中如EPA、DHA、牛磺酸以及超氧化物歧化酶等生理活性物质的含量也较为丰富。

本周的分享到这里就结束啦!

祝大家新年快乐!

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